Visit Goa and be Amazed by it’s Historical Wealth and Beauty
Goa may be Southern India’s smallest state, but it’s also one of the country’s most popular travel destinations, and historically, culturally and socially it offers a lot.
The former Portuguese colony has beckoned travellers for many years with its palm-fringed beaches, liberal attitudes and tourist-friendly locals. Times are changing for India’s laid-back holiday destination, though.
Central government laws banning rock music in public spaces after 10 pm have curtailed the famous all-night rave parties, while the increase in charter and package tourism has resulted in raging development at many of the once-pristine beach resorts.
Away from the tourism, Goa has a character quite distinct from the rest of India and offers much more than just the hedonism of sun, sand and sea. Despite four decades of ‘liberation’ from Portuguese colonial rule, Roman Catholicism remains a major religion in Goa, skirts far outnumber saris, and the people display an easy-going tropical indulgence, humour and civility.
Glowing, Portuguese-style white churches, paddy fields, dense coconut palm groves, and crumbling forts guarding rocky capes make up the Goan vista. Markets are lively, colourful affairs, and siesta is widely observed during the hot afternoons. Goans love to celebrate and this is reflected in the huge number of feasts and festivals.
Farming, fishing, tourism and mining form the basis of the economy, although the last two sources of income are sometimes at odds with the first. Mining has caused damage to paddy fields, and the five-star tourist resorts, with their swimming pools, have placed a heavy strain on water supplies. Even the popular beach shack restaurants may be under threat, as rising rent and taxes are making it difficult for small business owners to make a living.
History
Goa’s history stretches back to the 3rd century BC when it formed part of the Mauryan empire. Later it was ruled by the Satavahanas of Kolhapur with control eventually passed to the Chalukyas of Badami from AD 580 to 760.
Goa fell to the Muslims for the first time in 1312, but the invaders were pushed out in 1370 by Harihara I of the Vijayanagar empire. whose capital was at Hampi. Over the next 100 years Goa’s harbours were important destinations for ships carrying Arabian horses to Hampi to strengthen the Vijayanagar mounted army.
Blessed as it is by natural harbours and wide rivers, Goa was the ideal base for the seafaring Portuguese, who arrived in 1510 aiming to control the spice route from the east. They also had a strong desire to spread Christianity.
Jesuit missionaries led by St Francis Xavier arrived in 1542. For a while, Portuguese control was limited to a limited area around Old Goa, but by the middle of the 16th century it had grown to encompass the provinces of Bardez and Salcete. The Portuguese wielded power with a high degree of religious zeal.
The Inquisition arrived in Goa in 1560, and for two hundred years its tribunal brutally imposed its will, outlawing the practice of Hinduism and murdering Christians who were suspected of being morally corrupt.
Despite this climate of fear, the fortunes made from the spice trade led to Goa’s golden age, and the colony became the seat of the Portuguese empire of the east. It’s difficult to understand these days that Portugal was a super-power. But competition from the British, French and Dutch in the 17th century led to a decline.
The Marathas almost removed the Portuguese in the late 18th century and there was a brief occupation by the British during the wars of Napoleon Wars in Europe. But it was not until 1961, when they were ejected by Indian forces under the orders of Prime Minister Nehru, that the Portuguese finally slunk away from Goa.
In 1967, Goans voted against being merged with Maharashtra, and Goa was officially recognised as India’s 25th state in 1987. For the past decade, political instability has plagued the Goan government. There were three changes of government in 1999 alone, along with a four-month period of President’s Rule, during which the Indian central government assumed power.
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Thailand - A Holiday Bargain to Consider
Thailand is a kingdom in southeast Asia on the Indochinese and Malay peninsulas. Through most of its history Thailand was called Siam. The people call themselves Thai, which in their language means “the free people.” In 1948 the Thai government changed the name of the country to Thailand from Siam.
Thailand has an area of about 511,770 square km, which makes it not quite as large as the American state of Texas. About sixty one million people live there, which is nearly three times as many as the population of Australia.
The People of Thailand
The first people in the region of Thailand were Negritos, a Negroid pygmy people. The Negritos became mixed with invading Mongols and tribes from China to produce the modern race of Siamese. There are two main groups in the population, the true Thai and the Lao. Thailanders are rather short, but well built. They have brownish skin and straight black hair.
Thailanders are an independent and courageous people, and there are no caste divisions in Thailand. All the people, including the women, have equal rights. Thailand is a very musical country, although its music sometimes sounds strange to Western ears, and the people are fine dancers.
Education in Thailand is provided mainly by the Thai government through the Ministry of Education. A free basic education of twelve years is guaranteed by the Thai constitution, and a minimum of nine years’ school attendance is mandatory.
Thailanders are noted for their artistic abilities, ranging from the making of jewelry to the architecture of the beautiful Buddhist temples. There are many religious festivals in Thailand, with colorful costumes and ceremonies.
The people speak the Siamese language, which is a member of the Indochinese family of languages. Religion plays a very important role in Thai life. Religion is considered an essential foundation of society, it is not only the major moral force of Thai family and community but has also contributed to the molding of freedom loving, individualistic, and tolerant people for many centuries.
Theravada or Hinayana Buddhism is the national religion of Thailand, but there is total religious freedom and all major religions can be found in practice. There is absolute freedom of religion - Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and other faiths are practiced and protected by the constitution. Buddhism is the faith of 95 percent of the population, 4 percent are Muslims, 0.5 percent and Christians, and the remainder Hindus, Sikhs and other religion.
Despite the fact that Buddhism is the faith of majority, both the king and the government uphold and support all the religions accepted by the people. Amidst rich diversity of beliefs, until recently people of Thailand have always lived together in peace and harmony.
How they Live
Thailand is largely a nation of farmers, fishermen, and lumbermen. The principal foods of the people are rice and fish. Nearly all of the farm land is planted with rice. In addition to the large quantities eaten by the people, Thailand exports a large quantity of rice as well as electronic products. Other farm crops include cotton, sugar cane, tobacco, corn, soybeans, peanuts, and sesame seeds. The rivers of Thailand are full of fish, and large catches also are made in the Gulf of Thailand (previously the Gulf of Siam). Much of Thailand’s wonderful food contains seafood dishes.
Three-quarters of Thailand is covered with forests from which come the country’s famous teakwood, as well as bamboo, ebony, rosewood, boxwood, and Palmyra palm. The forests provide important quantities of lac (a resin deposited on trees by the lac insect) , rubber, oils, dyes. and tanning bark.
Thailand has large and varied mineral resources, the most important of which are tin, wolfram ore, coal, copper, antimony, gold, iron, manganese, molybdenum, silver, lead, gypsum, and lignite. There is a growing hi-tech economy and foreign countries have been encouraged to build factories there for the production of chemicals, textiles, and other goods.
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